Effect of a dietary regimen with separated administration of protein on liver in the rat]

Rats received a protein-deficient standard diet and, separately at different hours of the day, protein (casein). The control group was given the standard diet added with casein. The livers of the rats were examined for histological and ultrastructural changes. The smallest changes were observed in animals which had received protein at eight o'clock. The control animals and the animals which had received protein at thirteen and nineteen o'clock, respectively, showed slight fatty infiltration of the liver.     

Application of pectic acid for removing heavy metals from vegetable oils

Summary Comparative studies on removing the metal complex from hydrogenated vegetable oils with the help of synthetic ion exchangers (Dowex 50 WX4, Wofatit KPS-200, KY-2, Amberlyst-15) and polyuronides, have shown pectic acid to be the most efficient in this respect. The removal of copper, iron, zinc and nickel from the oils ranged over 87 to 94%. The treatment has been carried out under static conditions. Pectic acid is known to be completely insoluble in vegetable oils and also completely harmless, which favours its application for this particular purpose. A practical method for removing metals on vegetable oils, applicable under production conditions, has been developed.

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Einsatz von Pectinsäure zur Entfernung von Schwermetallen aus pflanzlichen Ölen

Zusammenfassung Durch vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Entfernung des Metallkomplexes aus hydrogenierten pflanzlichen Ölen mit synthetischen Ionenaustauschern Dowex 50 WX4, Wolfatit KPS-200, KY-2, Amberlyst-15) und Polyuroniden wird festgestellt, daß die Pectinsäure die höchste Wirksamkeit aufweist. Es werden 87 bis 94% der Ionen von Kupfer, Eisen, Zink und Nickel entfernt. Die Behandlung erfolgt unter statischen Bedingungen. Wie bekannt, ist die Pectinsäure in pflanzlichen Ölen völlig unlösbar, so daß ihre Anwendung zum obengenannten Zweck stark begünstigt wird. Es wird ein leicht einsetzbares Entmetallisierungsverfahren entwikkelt, das unter Produktionsbedingungen durchführbar ist.

     

Effect of defect orientation on metal fracture-statistical prognosis

Aluminium specimens of pre-caused defects are tensile tested at different temperatures. The defects are differently oriented to the tensile axis. The results have undergone statistical processing integrated with fundamental fracture approach. Analytical model to prognosticate the metal reliability in the range of applied tensile stresses is found. A method for evaluation of the defects orientation effect on fracture is suggested. The introduced strength spaces present a principal strength history of loaded defect metal.     

Modelluntersuchungen zur Wirkungsweise von Oxidationsstabilisatoren für Polyäthylenterephthalat

The behaviour of some stabilizing additives to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETP) is studied in the model oxidation reaction of isopropylbenzene. On the basis of the course of accumulation curves for cumene hydroperoxide conclusions were drawn for the way of formation and consumption of hydroperoxides in the presence of different types of stabilizers and combinations of stabilizers under investigation.     

Change in composition of solutions during the process of caprolactam regeneration

Conclusions -- The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the caprolactam-oligomer mixture obtained at various stages of solution concentration during the caprolactam-regeneration process have been studied.-- It has been found that during the process of concentrating the solutions, the ratio between monomer content and oligomer content in the dry residue changes.-- The decisive role of depolymerization of linear molecules during the rise in proportion of monomer with respect to oligomers during the process of solution concentration has been demonstrated.Institute of Pneumatic Tires and Polyamide Fibres, Vidin, Bulgaria. Technological University, Sofia, Bulgaria. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 20–21, September–October, 1992.     

Influence of demetallization of hydrogenated sunflower oil on changes in the forms of heavy metals and their pro-oxidative effects

Summary The effect of removing heavy metals from hydrogenated sunflower oil using a method based on changes in the contents of the various forms of the heavy metals copper, iron, zinc and nickel and their respective pro-oxidative effects was studied. A high degree of removal of dissociated and bounded ions was observed for hydrogenated oil, while there was no change in the contents of the co-ordination form. The pro-oxidative effect of the dissociated ions and of the bound metal ions in hydrogenated oil decreased nine-fold and seven-fold, respectively, compared with that of the non-hydrogenated oil, as a result of which the oxidation stability of hydrogenated oil increased two-fold. Comparative studies confirmed as appropriate the use of wash waters and auxiliary solutions that do not contain heavy metals for the processing of the hydrogenate after the classical technology.

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Einfluß der Entmetallisierung von hydrogeniertem Sonnenblumenöl auf die Veränderung der Schwermetallformen und deren prooxydative Wirkungen

Zusammenfassung Es wird der Einfluß des Entmetallisierens von hydrogeniertem Sonnenblumenöl mit Hilfe einer von den Autoren ausgearbeiteten Methode auf die Gehaltveränderung der verschiedenen Schwermetallformen von Cu, Fe, Zn und Ni und deren entsprechenden prooxydativen Wirkungen untersucht. Es wurde ein hoher Grad der Beseitigung der ionisch dissoziierten und ionisch verbundenen Schwermetalle festgestellt; im Gehalt der koordinativ verbundenen Formen tritt keine Veränderung ein. Die prooxydative Wirkung der ersten Form vermindert sich 9mal, und der zweiten 7mal, infolgedessen die oxydative Stabilität des hydrogenierten Öls um das Doppelte erhöht wird. Die durchgeführten Vergleichsuntersuchungen bestätigen die Zweckmäßigkeit der Anwendung vom schwermetallfreien Spülwasser und Hilfslösungen bei der Hydrogenatbearbeitung nach der klassischen Technologie.

     

Contour segmentation in 2D ultrasound medical images with particle filtering

Object segmentation in medical images is an actively investigated research area. Segmentation techniques are a valuable tool in medical diagnostics for cancer tumours and cysts, for planning surgery operations and other medical treatment. In this paper, a Monte Carlo algorithm for extracting lesion contours in ultrasound medical images is proposed. An efficient multiple model particle filter for progressive contour growing (tracking) from a starting point is developed, accounting for convex, non-circular forms of delineated contour areas. The driving idea of the proposed particle filter consists in the incorporation of different image intensity inside and outside the contour into the filter likelihood function. The filter employs image intensity gradients as measurements and requires information about four manually selected points: a seed point, a starting point, arbitrarily selected on the contour, and two additional points, bounding the measurement formation area around the contour. The filter performance is studied by segmenting contours from a number of real and simulated ultrasound medical images. Accurate contour segmentation is achieved with the proposed approach in ultrasound images with a high level of speckle noise.     

VR Angelova,AS Ivanov,DM Braikov and KI Ivanov, ‘Heavy Metals (Pb,Cu, Zn and Cd) in the system soil – grapevine – grape’ Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79(5) 1999, 713–721

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Journal of the Science of Food and Agricutlture 79(5) 1999, 713–721.